Designing Knowledge Base Mobile Application Compatibility Test System for Android Fragmentation

Android is an open operating system developed by the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) that is Google-led. Due to the nature of an open operating system, however, Android has the fragmentation problem that mobile application shows different behavior patterns in heterogeneous devices. To resolve this issue, a developer needs much cost in terms of time and efforts to devise application tests in mobile environment. In this paper, we propose two methods that handle android fragmentation problem. Moreover, utilizing the methods, we produce mobile application compatibility test system. We also perform case studies in order to evaluate the methods ’ effectiveness concerning fragmentation problem by developing application. The proposed system analyses the fragmentation that is found in code level as well as in API level. The experimental results demonstrate enhancement in mobile application test process regarding time and cost

Effect of Se modification on RuSey/C electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction with phosphoric acid

Carbon-supported Se-modified-Ru catalysts (RuSey/C) were synthesized, and their phosphate adsorption characteristics were evaluated using electrochemical techniques and in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). When phosphoric acid was added, the ORR activity of unmodified Ru/C decreased by 26.8% because the active sites were blocked by electrochemical adsorption, as confirmed by CV. However, for RuSey/C, the ORR activity was enhanced with phosphoric acid (RuSe1.56/C: 63.8%), which indicates that the kinetics at each site increased to compensate for the site blocking effect. The XAS results demonstrated that, for RuSey/C, phosphoric acid molecules or phosphate anions primarily interacted with Se atoms, and the oxidation state of Ru atoms decreased. Therefore, it was concluded that the enhanced ORR kinetics originated from the decreased oxygen binding energy with larger electrostatic repulsion. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1441sciescopu

Effect of Se modification on RuSey/C electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction with phosphoric acid

Carbon-supported Se-modified-Ru catalysts (RuSey/C) were synthesized, and their phosphate adsorption characteristics were evaluated using electrochemical techniques and in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). When phosphoric acid was added, the ORR activity of unmodified Ru/C decreased by 26.8% because the active sites were blocked by electrochemical adsorption, as confirmed by CV. However, for RuSey/C, the ORR activity was enhanced with phosphoric acid (RuSe1.56/C: 63.8%), which indicates that the kinetics at each site increased to compensate for the site blocking effect. The XAS results demonstrated that, for RuSey/C, phosphoric acid molecules or phosphate anions primarily interacted with Se atoms, and the oxidation state of Ru atoms decreased. Therefore, it was concluded that the enhanced ORR kinetics originated from the decreased oxygen binding energy with larger electrostatic repulsion. Keywords: Se-modified-Ru catalyst, Oxygen reduction reaction, Phosphoric acid, High temperature-PEMF